Page 2 of 65

It’s Offical

Yesterday, my wife and I traveled to the DFW area for an appointment with a neurologist namedhttps://www.pmrfortworth.com/physicians-and-staff/austen-watkins-d-o/ Austen Watkins. The purpose of the visit was for him to confirm through specialized tests that I suffered from neuropathy, and kinks did not obstruct my nerve paths in my spine. He conducted nerve conduction studies and electrodiagnosis. Indeed, he found neuropathy and no blocked nerve passages, which should clear me for the implanting of an electro device in my back on 8/18/2025. For those interested, I have included more about these tests below from Perplexity. He stuck needles in me and electro probes at various places and observed on a computer the nerve response via electrodes on my upper body.

Nerve Conduction Study (NCS), Neuropathy, and Electrodiagnosis: An Overview

What is a Nerve Conduction Study?

A nerve conduction study (NCS) is a diagnostic test that measures how fast and effectively your nerves transmit electrical signals. It’s commonly performed to detect nerve damage and to diagnose various conditions involving peripheral nerves, such as peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, and other nerve compression syndromes.clevelandclinic+2

  • Procedure: Small electrodes are placed on the skin over specific nerves and muscles. A mild electrical stimulus is applied, and the resulting electrical activity is recorded. The test measures several parameters: latency (delay), conduction velocity (speed), amplitude (strength of signal), and waveform characteristics.wikipedia

What is Neuropathy?

Neuropathy refers to damage or dysfunction of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord (the peripheral nervous system). This can result in symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain, muscle weakness, and lack of coordination. It has many causes, including diabetes, autoimmune diseases, infections, inherited disorders, toxin exposure, and trauma.yalemedicine+2

  • Types of neuropathy:
    • Sensory neuropathy: Affects sensation (tingling, numbness, pain).
    • Motor neuropathy: Affects muscles, leading to weakness or paralysis.
    • Autonomic neuropathy: Affects automatic body functions (heartbeat, digestion).
    • Mixed/combinations: Often, both sensory and motor involvement.yalemedicine

Role of Electrodiagnosis in Neuropathy

Electrodiagnosis involves using electrical tests—primarily nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG)—to assess nerve and muscle function. It is a critical tool for:

  • Diagnosing the presence and extent of neuropathy: NCS can objectively confirm the existence of nerve damage and its severity.
  • Characterizing the neuropathy: Determines if damage primarily affects the nerve axon, the myelin sheath, or both. This distinction influences diagnosis and treatment.
  • Localizing the neuropathy: Identifies which nerves are affected and whether the problem is focal (one nerve), multifocal, or generalized (many nerves).
  • Monitoring progression: NCS and EMG can track changes in nerve function over time, helping guide treatment and prognosis.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+3

Electrodiagnostic Findings in Neuropathy

  • Axonal neuropathy: NCS shows reduced amplitude of responses, indicating fewer functional nerve fibers.
  • Demyelinating neuropathy: NCS shows slowed conduction velocity, prolonged latencies, and temporal dispersion, suggesting loss of the myelin sheath.wikipedia+1
  • F-wave and H-reflex studies: Used for further evaluation of nerve pathways to and from the spinal cord.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih+1

Practical Applications

  • Peripheral neuropathy is frequently evaluated with NCS as it helps distinguish between different types (e.g., diabetic neuropathy vs. hereditary neuropathy) and guides clinical management.mayoclinic+2
  • Electrodiagnosis can also exclude mimicking conditions and uncover multiple underlying pathologies.

Summary:
Nerve conduction studies are essential for diagnosing, classifying, and managing neuropathies. They are non-invasive, provide detailed information on nerve function, and are often combined with other electrodiagnostic tools, such as EMG. Electrodiagnosis not only confirms the presence of neuropathy but helps determine its cause, exact location, and potential for recovery.ncbi.nlm.nih+2

  1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24821-nerve-conduction-study
  2. https://mdmercy.com/mercy-services/diagnostic-and-specialty-service/nerve-conduction-studies
  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_conduction_study
  4. https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/neuropathy
  5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352061
  6. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14737-peripheral-neuropathy
  7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11191927/
  8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323901086000107
  9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563169/
  10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0987705300002379
  11. https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/electromyography-emg-and-nerve-conduction-studies/
  12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GalU9SWiYic
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31277849/
  14. https://livestrong.org/resources/neuropathy/
  15. https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WNL.54.1.40
  16. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/diagnosis/
  17. https://www.coxhealth.com/services/neuroscience/neurodiagnostics/nerve-conduction-velocity-emg/
  18. https://www.semmes-murphey.com/emg-and-ncs
  19. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/peripheral-neuropathy/causes/
  20. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy

Discovering Pecan Plantation, Texas: A Hidden Gem

Background:

Thought I’d go a little off subject today and provide some insight into the area in North Texas where we reside. Daily, I take Dickens, our Golden Retriever, on a golf cart ride around our neighborhood. He really enjoys it and so do random people passing by. Not every day they get to see a 90 pound Golden sitting up in the passenger seat as if he owns the world. A sight to behold, so I’m told.

One of the homes we pass (see lead picture) really catches the eye. It appears to be two homes on an acre lot. Built in 2002, has not changed hands according to Zillow. As built was in the low $300K; now over $800K. I like it. I shot the short clip passing by while in the cart which is embedded just below:

This is what Poe had to say about our digs:

Nestled in the heart of Texas, Pecan Plantation is more than just a community; it’s a lifestyle. This picturesque enclave, located near Granbury, offers a unique blend of natural beauty, recreational opportunities, and a close-knit community spirit that makes it a delightful place to call home.

A Scenic Retreat

Pecan Plantation is renowned for its stunning landscapes. The area is dotted with majestic pecan trees—hence the name—which not only add to the charm but also provide a beautiful backdrop for outdoor activities. Whether you’re strolling through the neighborhood, enjoying a picnic, or simply sitting on your porch with a view, the serene surroundings invite you to slow down and appreciate the natural beauty.

Community Spirit

One of the most compelling aspects of life in Pecan Plantation is the sense of community. Residents here are friendly and welcoming, often organizing events that bring everyone together. From holiday celebrations to weekly social gatherings at the clubhouse, there’s always something happening. This camaraderie fosters a supportive environment, making it easier to forge lasting friendships and connections.

Recreational Opportunities

For those who enjoy outdoor activities, Pecan Plantation is a dream come true. The community boasts a variety of amenities, including:

  • Golf Courses: The Pecan Plantation Golf Club features a beautifully maintained 18-hole course that caters to golfers of all skill levels. The clubhouse offers dining options and a vibrant atmosphere for post-game gatherings.
  • Tennis Courts and Swimming Pools: Whether you’re a seasoned athlete or just looking to enjoy some leisure time, the tennis courts and pools provide ample opportunities for fun and fitness.
  • Nature Trails: The area is crisscrossed with walking and biking trails that meander through scenic landscapes. These paths are perfect for a leisurely stroll or an invigorating bike ride, allowing residents to stay active while soaking in the fresh air.

Wildlife and Nature

Pecan Plantation is also home to an array of wildlife, making it an excellent spot for nature enthusiasts. Birdwatchers will be delighted by the variety of species that inhabit the area, while those with a love for animals can often spot deer and other wildlife roaming freely. The natural setting encourages residents to embrace the outdoors and appreciate the ecological richness of their surroundings.

Local Events and Culture

The community hosts several local events throughout the year, from farmers’ markets featuring fresh produce to arts and crafts fairs that showcase local talent. These events not only support local businesses but also provide residents with a chance to come together and celebrate the unique culture of Pecan Plantation.

Final Thoughts

Living in Pecan Plantation, Texas, offers a unique blend of tranquility and community engagement. Whether you’re playing a round of golf, enjoying a community event, or simply taking in the beautiful scenery with your loved ones (including your furry friend, Dickens!), there’s always something to cherish.

As a resident, you’ll find that this charming community isn’t just a place to live—it’s a place to thrive. So, if you ever find yourself in this part of Texas, be sure to take a moment to explore and immerse yourself in the delightful life that Pecan Plantation has to offer. You might just find your own little piece of paradise.

Meanwhile, Back In The Tomatoe Patch

Tomatoes from Pecan Plantation

One of the hobbies my wife and I have is gardening. Even though it is getting more and more difficult to keep up with it because of my escalating conditions, we’re trying.

I have noticed on our local Nextdoor several different people on different occasions asking where they can purchase homegrown tomatoes. My suggestion to them and you is to grow your own. We have had ripe tomatoes from our gardens on the table since late March/early April, and continue to have an abundance. We have also provided select neighbors with the fruits of our labor. I made the short video embedded below to “show you how it’s done,” so to speak. Enjoy.

Week Ahead + More About Neuropathy

We have another almost full week of doctor’s appointments as follows for me:

  1. Monday 8/4 dialysis labs at 1300
  2. Tuesday 8/5 1115 postop catarac surgery plus new eyeglass prescription
  3. Wednesday 8/6 1100 Dr Watkins Ft Worth Neurologis workup for neuropathy treatment 8/18

I have been doing more research into my lower extremity diabetic neuropathy. Below are twenty symptoms of it, with comments as to whether I am experiencing them: Graphic above and symptoms from this link: https://neuropathyjournal.org/top-twenty-symptoms-of-peripheral-neuropathy/

Each person’s experience varies depending on their type of Neuropathy, but in general, the following are the most common Symptoms of Peripheral Neuropathy:

1) Severe strange pains in your feet, legs, hands, and other parts of the body; including “crawling insects” under your skin; Mine come and go

2) Balance is difficult when walking, getting dressed, getting out of bed, or whenever you close your eyes; Yes, I have this. My wife has to help me get out of bed.

3) Numbness / heavy / cardboard / heavy cement feeling/ Novocain feeling in your feet and legs; Yes, bottom of my feet at times.

4) Tingling or “vibration” like feelings in your feet and hands; Just my feet.

5) Electric shocks starting at the bottom of your feet/foot that shoot up your leg(s) and on almost any part of the body; No, not my trip.

6) Bone pain, especially in the feet on walking or standing; No, not yet.

7) Painful muscle spasms/cramps; Yes, all the time; wakes me up.

8) Skin may become painful to touch or lose the feeling of touch, with Agent Orange skin rash; Yes, loss of touch

9) Burning sensations in your feet and hands; Very few times, but yes

10) Loss, or lessening, of sensation for hot and cold; Yes, plus cold feet.

11) Feeling like you are wearing socks when you are not; Nope.

12) The feeling you are walking on crumpled socks or stones; Yes, a few times.

13) Feet feel swollen or large; Nope.

14) Difficulty moving your hands or feet; Feet, yes.

15) A feeling of clumsiness, tripping (foot drop) or dropping things; Yes, as relates to feet.

16) Attacks of daily severe exhaustion with strange fatigue; Exhaustion, yes.

In more severe cases of Peripheral Neuropathy, you may also experience the following:

17) Problems with not sweating in the lower body with excessive sweating in the upper body; Yes, upper body.

18) Digestive (fullness; alternating diarrhea/constipation) and/or urinary problems (overflow incontinence); Yes, fullness but could be do to IPN

19) Sexual problems (loss of sensation/feeling/moisture); Yes, no feeling.

20) A tightening of your chest with an increased difficulty in breathing and/or swallowing; uncorrectable vision problems. Not yet.

On to Next Step

Next step

In previous blogs, we have discussed the recent Doppler and MRI scans that I recently had and what they revealed. I am in the queue to have a trial Nevro HFX implanted in my spine. The following YouTube video explains my underlying condition, Diabetic Neuropathy, and how the HFX treats the same. Watch it for more info:

Best Laid Plans

IPN Bag

Have a situation developing. We will not receive our IPN delivery this week because the prescription was changed as a result of my weight loss. Pentec, who provides me the IPN, sent a revised prescription request to my team/Dr, and to date, it has not been acted on. I have reached out to my team for resolution. Hopefully, it will be resolved sooner rather than later.

Digging Into My MRI

Yesterday, we reviewed the results of a recent Doppler Scan I underwent as part of a workup for treating the numbness in my legs. Today, we will review an adjacent MRI, followed by a blog on what is projected to be done about the numbness.

Below, I will first post in layman’s terms the result of the MRI that Perplexity provides, followed by an embedded three-page PDF of the actual findings for your comparison.

Layman’s version:

Thoracic Spine MRI (middle back)

  • No evidence of active bone injury or fracture.
  • Increased thoracic kyphosis: The curve of the upper back is more pronounced than average, which is common with aging or weakened spinal support.
  • Degenerative disc disease: The discs between the vertebrae in the middle back are worn out (“dehydrated”) and narrowed. Some rough bony outgrowths (“osteophytes”) and uneven endplates are seen—signs of arthritis in the spine.
  • No protruding (“bulging”) discs, no joint arthritis, and no pinched nerves: The spinal cord, nerves, and bone structures look normal.
  • Other tissues, blood vessels, and areas around the spine look normal.
  • No signs of cancer or other destructive processes.

Summary: The changes seen are typical age-related “wear and tear” (degeneration) of the discs and spine in the middle back, but nothing immediately dangerous or unusual was found.

Lumbar Spine MRI (lower back)

  • Age-related changes are present (“degenerative disc disease”) throughout the lower back. This includes worn-out discs, bone spurs, and arthritis in the joints between the spine bones.
  • Mild scoliosis: The lower spine curves to the right a bit.
  • Evidence of muscle spasms, with the low back being “straighter” than normal.
  • Hemangioma at L1: A benign (non-cancerous) blood vessel growth in one of the bones of the spine—this is typically harmless.
  • No evidence of acute fracture or bone marrow problems.
  • Nerve canal narrowing (spinal stenosis) and “pinched nerves” at several levels:
    • L5-S1, L4-5, and L3-4: There are disc bulges and joint changes that significantly narrow the spaces where the nerves exit the spine (“neuroforaminal narrowing”) and the central spinal canal (stenosis). This can cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs (radiculopathy).
    • No herniated discs or significant narrowing at L1-L2 or L2-L3.
  • A small fluid-filled area in the abdomen (“peritoneal fluid signal structure”) is noticed by chance and needs more scans (CT or MRI) to figure out what it is, but it may not be related to the back symptoms.

Summary: There are multiple sites in the lower back with “wear and tear” changes, some causing significant narrowing around nerves, which matches complaints of nerve pain. There is also a note about a non-spine-related fluid area in the abdomen that needs further checking, but otherwise, there’s no sign of serious bone disease or cancer.

Takeaway: Both MRI reports show typical age-related changes in the back with areas that could cause pain, stiffness, or nerve issues, but no immediate life-threatening findings. There is one unrelated area in the abdomen that needs further evaluation to determine its nature.

Actual MRI:

Looking Back to Move Forward

Lots of water under the bridge since my last post. In summary, after a Doppler Scan and an MRI, I’m scheduled for implantation of a SAS after getting checked out by a neurologist. In the next couple of blogs, I intend to fill in the blanks for readers.

First, the Doppler scan I had was from the groin down on both legs. Its purpose was to ascertain whether I have any blockage. I have embedded two pages of the report below.

A couple of items to note in the above Doppler reports. The increase in velocity through my vascular system suggests a blockage, as exemplified by the fluid dynamics described in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli%27s_principle. This is confirmed in the last sentence, which states that there is plaque present.

Plaque results in PAD, or Peripheral Artery Disease, a ramification of which is numbness in one’s legs, which is what I am experiencing.

Tomorrow we will cover the second aspect of my disabilities, that of lower extremity diabetic neuropathy, and results of the MRI of which I had two, one lower and one upper.

Another Step VA Caretaker Status Completed

Yesterday, we had a visit from a VA social worker to conduct a home visit as part of the process to attain Caretaker status for my wife, who is acting as such. It was straightforward as far as the visit went. He asked a list of canned questions about my abilities to care for myself, and by extension, what my wife was doing to assist me. He took a walking tour of our home to check for safety-related items, trip hazards, in-place smoke alarms, etc. All pretty standard stuff; he found no items missing or needing correction.

We did pick up a few requirements we did not know about and other tidbits.

  1. We must finish the online Caretaker course before our file goes to the final decision board.
  2. In over several hundred such inspections, only two have been rejected at the point we are now at.
  3. I am required as part of the program to travel to the VA in Ft Worth once a year to be reviewed by my VA team. It is a requirement to be in the program.
  4. The VA will provide my transportation if requested for the meetup in 3.
  5. We will be eligible to receive 12-17 respite hours per week for my wife at our request.
  6. While we have out work cutout for us to finish the caregive course, the end, regardless of the outcome, is in sight.

For Steve #2

Applying TAM, SAM, and SOM to the Indiana emergency responder training center concept:

1. TAM (Total Addressable Market)
This is the maximum potential market size—all organizations in Indiana that could benefit from emergency responder training at centers like ESEC and similar facilities.

  • Includes: Every fire department, EMS provider organization, law enforcement agency, public safety department, and related entities statewide.
  • Approximate scope:
    • 367 EMS provider organizations3
    • Hundreds of fire departments (volunteer, paid, combination)3
    • Law enforcement agencies and other public safety bodies (state, local, federal)2
    • Relevant volunteer agencies, towing services, public works, and National Guard units5
    • Private sector organizations requiring certification (e.g., security, healthcare, industrial safety teams)7

This encompasses thousands of organizations and many thousands of individual responders across Indiana.

2. SAM (Serviceable Available/Addressable Market)
This is the segment of TAM realistically served by the Indiana-based facility, considering its regional location, infrastructure, and focus.

  • Includes:
    • Agencies within feasible geographic reach (e.g., within a few hours’ drive of central Indiana)
    • Organizations that need services ESEC provides (live fire, EMS, CPAT, SWAT, etc.)1
    • Agencies whose schedules and needs align with ESEC/IDHS/partner offerings12
  • Likely scope:
    • Central Indiana and surrounding counties’ fire, EMS, and police agencies, plus regional organizations that can travel to Indianapolis.
    • School systems, colleges, and adult learners within the region exploring public safety careers1.

3. SOM (Serviceable Obtainable Market)
This is the portion of SAM the facility can realistically serve in the near term—factoring in competition, partnerships, and operational capacity.

  • Includes:
    • Agencies and individuals already training at ESEC or similar Indiana centers1 (program participant data)
    • Those actively marketed to, or under contract/memorandum with the center
    • Realistic growth targets based on staff, space, and logistics limitations
  • Typical scope:
    • Hundreds to a few thousand trainees per year, depending on class sizes, frequency, and facility scale (exact numbers would require ESEC annual reports or state aggregation)
    • Likely a subset of active agencies prioritizing ongoing skills development and proximity

Summary Table

Market LevelDefinitionIndiana Application Example
TAMAll organizations that could ever benefit from the offeringAll IN public safety (EMS, fire, law, etc.) agencies
SAMThose realistically reachable/fit by the service/facilityAgencies within <~2 hrs of Indy with training needs
SOMRealistically obtainable/served segment now or soonActual ESEC/partner trainees per year

In sum:

  • TAM is all Indiana-based potential clients
  • SAM is those the facility can currently target due to location/focus
  • SOM is those who actively use, or are projected to use, the Indiana facilities now or soon

This segmentation helps size the market and set strategic, attainable goals for growth and funding.

  1. https://esec.wayne.k12.in.us
  2. https://www.in.gov/dhs/training/emergency-management-training-program/
  3. https://www.in.gov/dhs/files/public-law-67-2024-survey-results-report.pdf
  4. https://bowenportal.org/portfolio/indiana_ems_workforce/
  5. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/tim/training/
  6. https://www.sfchronicle.com
  7. https://www.smrtindiana.com/onsite-training
  8. https://www.tiktok.com/@bella.evim/video/7525860058215894290
  9. https://www.tiktok.com/@zangzing46/video/7525870774150876434
  10. https://advertising.amazon.com/library/guides/tam-sam-som

Here are actual, current estimates for fire, EMS, law enforcement, and emergency service entities in Indiana based on the latest reporting and official surveys:

EMS Provider Organizations

  • 367 EMS provider organizations with distinct primary operating addresses are currently operating and certified in Indiana6.
  • These include:
    • Volunteer fire departments (EMS-certified): 34.1% (125 organizations)
    • Paid fire departments (EMS-certified): 19.5% (72 organizations)
    • Combination fire departments (EMS-certified): Remainder of total (exact number not specified, but majority falls within fire department categories)6.

Fire Departments (Total)

  • According to the National Fire Department Registry, there are approximately 800-900 registered fire departments in Indiana (2023 data, USFA/FEMA)1.
  • Of these, a significant percentage are also EMS providers, per above.

Police/Law Enforcement Agencies

  • Indiana has approximately 450 law enforcement agencies. This includes:
    • Indiana State Police
    • County sheriff offices (92 counties)
    • Numerous municipal police departments
    • University, airport, and specialty forces
      This figure is widely referenced in public safety datasets; exact current numbers may vary slightly.

Natural Disaster & Emergency Relief Services

  • 32 organizations classified specifically as “Natural Disaster & Emergency Relief Services,” with a market size of $191.2 million in Indiana5.

Other Entities

  • National Guard: Indiana has an active National Guard contingent with approximately 65 armories and training sites statewide.
  • Federal Agencies: Multiple federal law enforcement and response entities (FBI, DEA, etc.) maintain offices and operational units in Indiana, though each only operates a small number of facilities or offices in the state.

Summary Table: Estimated Numbers by Entity Type

TypeApproximate Number in IndianaSource/Year
EMS provider organizations3676 (2024)
Fire departments (total)800–9001 (2023)
Law enforcement agencies450Public datasets, 2023
Disaster/emergency relief organizations325 (2024)
National Guard armories/training sites65Indiana NG, 2023
Federal agencies (offices/ops in state)10–15Agency records

Applying TAM–SAM–SOM

  • TAM: Would encompass all organizations above (nearly 1,200–1,400 agencies/entities statewide, not counting private sector and specialty industrial response teams).
  • SAM: Those within realistic travel distance, relevant operational focus, or aligned training needs—likely a subset of several hundred.
  • SOM: The actual number of agencies/entities currently served or realistically projected to train at the facility annually—typically in the dozens to low hundreds, depending on class frequency, facility size, and outreach.

If you need even more specific breakdowns (e.g., number of paid vs. volunteer fire departments, EMS-only vs. dual fire/EMS agencies, etc.), those can be provided from source details16.

  1. https://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/states/indiana.html
  2. https://www.in.gov/dhs/data-and-dashboards/data-and-statistics/
  3. https://www.wfyi.org/news/articles/gov-mike-braun-creates-task-force-to-evaluate-indiana-emergency-alert-system
  4. https://www.in.gov/dhs/ems/ems-data/
  5. https://www.ibisworld.com/us/industry/indiana/natural-disaster-emergency-relief-services/23281/
  6. https://www.in.gov/dhs/files/public-law-67-2024-survey-results-report.pdf
  7. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/07/18/2025-13566/agency-information-collection-activities-generic-clearance-for-the-collection-of-qualitative
  8. https://firstnet.gov/public-safety/firstnet-for/indiana
  9. https://apps.usfa.fema.gov/registry/summary
  10. https://www.weather.gov/ind/severewxweek
« Older posts Newer posts »